history

On 24 February 2022, Russian forces invaded Ukraine. Four years on, the war grinds on — hundreds of thousands dead, a continent reshaped, and a causal chain that traces back to a suitcase in Taiwan.

On 23 February 1455, a goldsmith's workshop in Mainz finished printing a Latin Bible using movable metal type. Every book, newspaper, and screen that followed owes something to that press.

On 22 February 1921, a Cossack officer named Reza Khan marched on Tehran and seized power. The dynasty he founded lasted fifty-four years. Its heir now calls for revolution from a suburb of Washington.

A boy tsar in 1613, a revolutionary pamphlet in 1848, a president's flight in 2014 — all on 21 February, all part of the same unfinished argument about Russia.

On 20 February 1798, French soldiers escorted Pope Pius VI out of Rome. He had ruled as a temporal sovereign — as every pope had for over a thousand years. None would again.

In 1954, the Soviet Presidium voted to transfer Crimea from Russia to Ukraine. The session lasted minutes. The consequences are still running.

In 1652, Russia's new Patriarch decided the liturgy was wrong. The schism that followed still hasn't healed — and it was never just about religion.

Four hundred and ten years ago today, a Jurchen chieftain proclaimed himself Khan. The dynasty his heirs built solved an ancient problem — and created the conditions for a modern catastrophe.

On 16 February 1471, Krishnadevaraya was born. When Babur surveyed every ruler on the Indian subcontinent, he named one man the most powerful. The emperor who deployed 700,000 soldiers at Raichur also wrote devotional poetry in four languages.

On 15 February 1898, the USS Maine blew apart in Havana harbour, killing 261 men. Nobody ever proved who or what caused it. The newspapers didn't care — they already had the story.